The Confederate War How Popular Will, Nationalism, And...

In 1997, famed Civil War historian Gary W. Gallagher produced a rather extraordinary scholarly work entitled The Confederate War: How Popular Will, Nationalism, and Military Strategy Could Not Stave off Defeat. Throughout the course of his work, Gallagher takes issue with the model put forth by many contemporary historians that the collapse of the Confederacy was more a case of internal decay on the Southern home front rather than military defeat on the field of battle. As a persuasive alternative, Gallagher contended that these historians are guilty of failing to realize the complex interplay between military actions during the war and the morale of the Confederate civilian population. As argued by Gallagher, the Southern war effort, as exemplified by Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, served to boost Southern morale, nationalism, and dreams of independence. This was accomplished, according to Gallagher, not just during the height of Lee’s triumphs in 1862 and 1863, but up to the final desperate months of the war’s conclusion. To bolster this position against contemporary historians, Gallagher used a specific methodology to both undermine other historians while simultaneously buttressing his own positions. Gallagher used a format that, at first, discussed what other historians have asserted in their respective works. Then, Gallagher made his own assertions discounting the positions of his scholarly contemporaries. In this fashion, Gallagher’s book is an exercise in rhetoricShow MoreRelatedMcPherson and Hearn on Abraham Lincoln Essay2681 Words   |  11 PagesMcPherson, Lincoln succeeded in combining military pragmatism with the political ideologies of the North, as well as Lincoln’s own idealism, thus assuring Northern victory. However, not all historians agree that Lincoln was a masterful tactician. Chester Hearn, believes that although Abraham Lincoln was one of America’s most venerable statesmen, his presidency was m arked by flaws and a general misunderstanding of how war is waged. McPherson’s Tried by War and Hearn’s Lincoln, The Cabinet and the GeneralsRead MoreEruopean Expansion4283 Words   |  18 PagesAmerica Explain how the Great Awakening, an intensely religious movement, contributed to the development of the separation of church and state in America. Compare and contrast the French colonies in North America with their British and Spanish counterparts. Consider, for example, location, timing, economy, political organization, and religious influences. The French and Indian War has also been called the â€Å"Great War for Empire.† Explain why this might be an appropriate name for this war. It is sometimesRead MoreThe Most Controversial American Presidents9333 Words   |  38 PagesContents Argument 2 Chapter I. George Washington 4 I.1 Early life 4 I.2 Presidency 5 I.3 Retirement and death 6 Chapter II. Abraham Lincoln 7 II.1 Early life and education 7 II.2 Presidency and the Civil War 8 II.3 Assassination 13 Chapter III. J. F. Kennedy 15 III.1 Early life and education 15 III.2 Presidency 17 III.3 Assassination 19 Chapter IV. Richard Nixon 21 IV.1 Early life and education 21 IV.2 Presidency 22 IV.3 Death and funeral 23 Chapter V. Theodore Roosevelt 24 V.1Read MoreStruggle for Black Americans: Civil Rights Movement Essay2552 Words   |  11 Pagesand improve their standing in society; through the use of media, that through time would be shown right in the home of Americans by Tv. Lobbying congressmen to support their cause from marches to Sit ins. Reconstruction would start after the Civil war. President Lincoln had started the crusade in helping Black Americans for civil rights with the Emancipation proclamation, freeing all the slaves in the current rebeling states in 1863. This would then lead to the 13th Amendment (1865), the 14th AmendmentRead MoreEssays for the American Pageant, 14th Ed.11068 Words   |  45 PagesEssays for The American Pageant, 14th ed. Part One 1. From the perspective of Native Americans, the Spanish and English empires in America had more similarities than differences. Assess the validity of this generalization. Response Strategy It is important to develop a clear thesis on the validity of the statement at the outset of the essay. A good essay could be developed on either side of the issue or in support of a middle-of –the-road position. Supporting paragraphs should beRead More International Free Trade and World Peace Essay6197 Words   |  25 Pagesand problematic nature of key terms such as free trade, war, and peace this study must be qualitative. For example, which countries would one consider practitioners of free trade? The United States, the proverbial torch carrier of open markets and trade liberalization, maintains protectionist policies in several of its sectors such as agriculture. If we were to succeed in classifying each country according to its openness in trade, how would we tally their conflicts? Again, in the case of theRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Chih-Yang Tseng 8. Accounting and strategy: towards understanding the historical genesis of modern business and military strategy Keith Hoskin, Richard Macve, and John Stone 9. Modernizing government: the calculating self, hybridization, and performance measurement Liisa Kurunmaki and Peter Miller  ¨ 10. Analytics of costing system design Eva Labro 11. Understanding management control systems and strategy Kim Langfield-Smith v vii xi 1 20 42 69 92 117 146 166

All My Sons Essay - 1222 Words

Life is full of many hard decisions that people have to take, often on the spur of the moment. Some we get right others turn horribly wrong. Joe Keller, the tragic hero of Arthur Millers play All My Sons, was no different. His whole life was dedicated to his family and their well being but all his plans were undone by one fatally flawed decision. The audience can relate to Joe and feel sympathy for him because he was a good man who did many great things for his family and in the end paid the ultimate price. Towards the end of the play, Joes son Chris anguishes over the fatally flawed decision made by his father, thus eliciting the sympathy of the audience. However, this is not enough to detract from the audience relating to Joe as a†¦show more content†¦Joe doesnt have many bad qualities in him the only times the audience do see such qualities is when he speaks ill of Steve to others like when he says, I owe him a good kick in the teeth(Act 2, p47). However, the audience knows he does not really mean these things but only says them to cover up his fatal mistake. So we forgive Joe his mistake because as Plutarch, the Delphic priest, said almost 2000 years ago, to make no mistakes is not in the power of man and also because Joe tries to rectify his mistake by offering to give Steve a good job when he gets out of priso n and offering to help Steves children. Joe has spent his life making many decisions most of which appear to have been good decisions resulting in his family enjoying a comfortable life. The audience admires him for this. Unfortunately, late one night Joe made a hurried decision, which he believed he could get away with. The reasons for his decision comes to light near the end of the play, in Act 2, when he tells Chris why he made that decision, Im a business man, a man is in business; a hundred and twenty cracked, youre out of business, you got a process, the process dont work youre out of business; you dont know how to operate, your stuff is no good; they close you up, they tear up your contract what the hells it to them? You lay forty years into a business and they knock you out in five minutes, whatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Conflict in All My Sons1102 Words   |  5 PagesConflict in All My Sons The conflict in the play â€Å"All My Sons† in embodied by two different sets of values. The older generation represented by Joe and Kate strongly believed in family values and Pursue of the American dream at any cost. In contradiction, Joe and Anne express the younger generation’s ethics and ideals clearly shown in the thoughts of idealism that money is not the most important thing in life. Even though the younger generation’s ideals are sometimes thought of as being irrationalRead MoreAll My Sons By Arthur Miller1631 Words   |  7 PagesDramatic tension is a figurative device an author would use to add tension to conflict between characters. In Arthur Miller’s play, All My Sons, dramatic tension is created by using theoretical devices and language, utilizing conflicting character personalities, dramatic irony, and character development, to exhibit dramatic tension in order to keep the audience engaged in the play. ACT 1 At the beginning of Act One, when Keller gives the audience first impressions of characters, the audience beginsRead MoreAll My Sons Critical Essay590 Words   |  3 PagesAll my Sons - Critical Essay All my sons written by Arthur Miller is a dramatic play which shows actions and consequences and morality and studies the theme of idealism verses realism, social responsibility and the American dream. This play takes place after World War II, in the year 1947. The play shows conflict between a Father and a son and how quickly a family can fall apart following a serious revelation. Arthur Miller uses techniques such as characterization, stage directions and a delayedRead More All My Sons : The Influence of Larry Essay789 Words   |  4 PagesAll My Sons : The Influence of Larry In the book All My Sons, Larry has a big influence on the play. He is part of many of the problems shown in the book. Larry was Joe Keller’s older son and was reported missing three years before the time when the play is set. One of the first things mentioned is that Larry’s tree had been broken down by a gust of wind. You find out that the tree, being Larry’s tree really meant something to the family as Frank says â€Å"What’d Kate say?† this shows thatRead MoreThe American Dream in All My Sons by Arthur Miller1618 Words   |  7 PagesMiller show that the American Dream has become perverted in ‘All my Sons’ ´? Do you think Miller is totally against the concept? Or just what it had become in his time? â€Å"Seven Deadly Sins: Wealth without work Pleasure without conscience Science without humanity Knowledge without character Politics without principle Commerce without morality Worship without sacrifice.† Mahatma Gandhi ‘The social, economical and educational equal rights for all citizens’. The previous line summarizes the definitionRead MoreAn Analysis of Sacrifice in Arthur Millers All My Sons4310 Words   |  18 PagesIn All My Sons sacrifice plays a crucial role in almost every part of the play. Miller explores the impact of sacrifices made for one’s family versus humanity as a whole, explicitly the direction and intention of a sacrifice. As part of this essay, I will identify and explain what I consider to be the most important in the play. The second aspect of sacrifice in All My Sons which I will examine in this essay involves the idea that not all sacrifices are actually conscious decisions; many of the actsRead MoreDramatic Tension in Millers All My Sons Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesDramatic Tension in Millers All My Sons This extract begins with Chris and Ann deciding how theyre going to break the news to the Kellers. They start with Joe Keller, and he somewhat approves. The scene is lighthearted until Keller finds out the George is on the phone for Ann from Columbia. This drives is suspicions and gets him very protective. He begins to try and hint to Chris that Ann is here to try and convict him of the death of Larry. Chris then gets veryRead MoreEssay on Manipulative Kate of All My Sons by Arthur Miller1116 Words   |  5 PagesManipulative Kate of All My Sons by Arthur Miller All My Sons is a play about the trials and tribulations of the normal everyday suburbia. The play brings out the reality that not everything is perfect. Holes are created by the fight between good and evil. In this play the evil is the act of lying, and the good is the innocence of ignorance. The play starts with an everyday business man given the age-old fight of man versus himself. He had to decide whether or not to ship defective parts. OnRead MoreEssay about Disillusionment in All My Sons by Arthur Miller615 Words   |  3 PagesDisillusionment in All My Sons by Arthur Miller One of the central themes of All My Sons is the disillusionment of the young, and this theme can be traced through the character Chris, who comes to be disenchanted with his family, society and himself by realizing that none of these is as moral as he once believed. When he finally finds out through questioning his father that his father is, in fact, guilty of knowingly shipping out the cracked cylinder heads, he says to his father â€Å"What the hellRead More The Dangers of Shirking Responsibility in Arthur Millers All My Sons 967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Shirking Responsibility  in Arthur Millers All My Sons  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Arthur Millers All My Sons is a well-made play in every sense of that term. It not only is carefully and logically constructed, but   addresses its themes fully and effectively. The play communicates different ideas on war, materialism, family, and honesty. However, the main focus, especially at the plays climax, is the issue of personal responsibility. In particular, Miller demonstrates the dangers of shirking

Exam 2 Study Guide Free Essays

1. Federal income tax laws allow a firm to deduct all legitimate business expenses when calculating its taxable income. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam 2 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now A major criticism against sales quotas is that: A)Â  Activity quotas usually lead to high-pressure selling. B)Â  Quotas are not fair to the sales force. C)Â  Quotas cannot stimulate sales of profitable products. D)Â  Quotas are not realistically attainable. E)Â  It is very difficult to set quotas accurately. Correct Answer(s):| E| 3. The most widely used type of sales quota is one based on: A)Â  Selling expenses. B)Â  Sales volume. C)Â  Missionary selling activities. D)Â  Gross margin. E)Â  Net profit. Correct Answer(s):| B| 4. A well-designed plan for paying salespeople’s expenses should: A)Â  Allow sales reps to earn the same net income whether they are at home or on the road. B)Â  Pay for all entertainment expenses incurred by a salesperson. C)Â  Cut down on nonselling activities. D)Â  Pay the same amount to each salesperson. E)Â  Allow just a small amount of expense account padding. Correct Answer(s):| A| 5. A sales quota will most likely act as an aid in: A)Â  Controlling and directing salespeople’s activities. B)Â  Helping prepare a job description. C)Â  Forecasting sales. D)Â  Conducting sales training programs. E)Â  Establishing territories. Correct Answer(s):| A| 6. In which of the following situations will the sales rep most likely be on an unlimited expense payment plan? A)Â  Manufacturer of electric motors opening a new territory in California. B)Â  A driver-salesperson for soft drink bottler covering part of southern Illinois. C)Â  Wholesaler of office supplies selling to retail stores in North Carolina. D)Â  Small manufacturer of fishing tackle who has weak financial capability. E)Â  Detail sales rep for pharmaceutical manufacturer, calling on doctors’ offices in Atlanta. Correct Answer(s):| A| . A company is likely to use a sales volume quota when management wants: A)Â  A balanced effort between selling and non-selling activities. B)Â  A salesperson to develop a new market. C)Â  To increase its gross margin. D)Â  To correct an unbalanced inventory situation by pushing sales of one item. E)Â  To keep its selling expenses at 6 percent of net sales. Correct Answer(s):| D| 8. An unlimited-payment plan for controlling sales force expenses: A)Â  Allows for cost differentials due to variations in territories or jobs. B)Â  Is not a good plan when the salespeople are dealing with customers at the executive level. C)Â  Eliminates expense account padding. D)Â  Is a poor plan to use when the salespeople are calling on new accounts. E)Â  Is a good plan for a financially weak firm. Correct Answer(s):| A| 9. A characteristic of a sound sales force expense plan is that it: A)Â  Is designed so that the reps neither profit nor lose under the plan. B)Â  Does not hamper the performance of selling activities. C)Â  Is simple and economical to administer. D)Â  Does All of these. E)Â  Accomplishes only two of A-B-C. Correct Answer(s):| D| 10. Which of the following is an advantage of a limited payment plan for controlling sales force expenses? A)Â  High caliber salespeople generally prefer this plan. B)Â  It is good when there are cost-of-living differentials among the territories. C)Â  It eliminates cheating on expense accounts. D)Â  Management can budget its sales expenses more accurately. E)Â  It eliminates disputes between management and sales reps. Correct Answer(s):| D| 11. Motivation is the only requirement for successful sales performance. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 12. What motivates a sales rep at one time may not motivate him or her at another time. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| True| 13. Which of the following is (are) true about reps who in the disengagement stage of their careers? A)Â  Their sales levels peak because of the vast experiences they have. B)Â  Usually the psychological impact of a disruption in their personal lives causes their sales to decline. C)Â  Their sales peak because of their long term relationship with customers. D)Â  An assignment to a special project is one way to increase their motivation. Correct Answer(s):| D| 14. Which of the following will most likely satisfy a sales rep’s hygiene needs, in contrast to his motivator’s needs? A)Â  Give the rep more responsibility. B)Â  Provide a satisfactory compensation plan. C)Â  Give the rep more opportunity for personal growth in his career. D)Â  Have a recognition banquet honoring this rep. E)Â  None of these meet hygiene needs. Correct Answer(s):| B| 15. Intrinsic rewards are provided by others. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 16. When planning and conducting a sales contest, management should: A)Â  Run the contest for at least six months. B)Â  Not build the contest around a theme. C)Â  Not give cash as an award. D)Â  Use an outside consulting firm to conduct the contest, thus ensuring objectivity. E)Â  Provide each salesperson with a reasonably equal chance to win. Correct Answer(s):| E| 17. A recently promoted district sales manager was nominated by her company to attend an executive development program conducted by a well-known university. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, this program is most closely related to the rep’s need for: A)Â  Love and acceptance. B)Â  Self-actualization. C)Â  Safety. D)Â  Physiological support. E)Â  Belonging to a group. Correct Answer(s):| B| 18. Intensity refers to how long the salesperson will continue to put forth effort. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 19. A sales meeting is least likely to be used as a vehicle for: A)Â  Counseling salespeople about their personal problems. B)Â  Boosting sales force morale. C)Â  Improving sales reps’ selling techniques. D)Â  Announcing changes in a company’s policies on pricing and channel structure. E)Â  Getting salespeople better acquainted with top management. Correct Answer(s):| A| 20. Which of the following specific incentives do salespeople prefer? A)Â  Additional vacation time. B)Â  A pay raise. C)Â  A better car. D)Â  Better fringe benefits. E)Â  Merchandise. Correct Answer(s):| B| 1. A sales compensation plan involving a combination of salary plus commission on net sales is popular because it: A)Â  Provides the reps with more security than other plans. B)Â  Offers some of the advantages of a salary plus the incentive and flexibility features of a commission. C)Â  Is the lowest cost plan. D)Â  Provides more incentive than other plans. E )Â  Gives management the greatest degree of control over the reps. Correct Answer(s):| B| 22. A good plan for compensating a sales force should: A)Â  Strive to correlate a sales representative’s rewards with his or her results and efforts. B)Â  Provide a regular (steady) income or an incentive income, but not try to do both. C)Â  Equate the level and the method of compensation. D)Â  Discourage a sales representative from spending time on non-selling activities. E)Â  Not be used to control sales force activities. Correct Answer(s):| A| 23. Which of the following features is least likely to be found in a good sales compensation plan? A)Â  The plan provides a regular income plus some incentive pay. B)Â  The plan is fair to both management and the sales force. C)Â  The plan provides a competitive level of pay. D)Â  The basic plan is changed frequently in order to provide flexibility. E)Â  The plan is economical to administer. Correct Answer(s):| D| 24. Which of the following is an example of conflicting goals in a sales force compensation plan? A)Â  Provide security of income to sales representatives, but open new markets. B)Â  Develop a plan that is both flexible and fair to the sales representatives. C)Â  Design an extremely flexible plan, yet one which also is simple to understand and easy to administer. D)Â  Provide a competitive level and a competitive method of compensation. E)Â  None of these involves a conflict of goals. Correct Answer(s):| C| 25. Management wants aggressive selling in a job that involves virtually no missionary activities. The company is not financially strong, so management wants the compensation costs related directly to sales revenue. This firm should use a plan for paying its sales force. A)Â  Straight salary. B)Â  Combination. C)Â  Salary plus bonus. D)Â  Straight commission. E)Â  Salary plus commission. Correct Answer(s):| D| 26. Successful companies in the 21st century: A)Â  Will reward selling as much as possible. B)Â  Will primarily reward maintaining market share. C)Â  Will reward immediate results. D)Â  Will reward gaining customers with fewer calls. E)Â  Will reward building customer share over the long term. Correct Answer(s):| E| 27. In which of the following situations is the tactical implementation most consistent with the strategic planning? A)Â  The strategy of introducing a new product to increase market share is implemented by paying the salespeople a straight commission. B)Â  When the strategy calls for aggressive selling to liquidate excess inventories, management offers the reps a larger commission. C)Â  To provide extra service to hold existing accounts, management increases its emphasis on commission payments. D)Â  The strategy of attracting the top level of graduating college students is implemented by paying lower starting salaries with prospects for future increases. E)Â  There really is no relationship between compensation tactics and marketing strategies. Correct Answer(s):| B| 28. A straight salary plan is the most widely used method for compensating a sales force. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| True| 29. Which of the following job elements is hardest to measure objectively in a sales force compensation plan? A)Â  The value of the salespeople’s efforts spent in training their customers’ sales force. B)Â  The reps’ entertainment expenses. C)Â  The gross margin by product line that a rep contributes. D)Â  The volume of sales received over the phone or by mail. E)Â  The number of calls made on new accounts. Correct Answer(s):| A| 30. A limitation of the straight-commission method of paying a sales force is that this method usually: A)Â  Means that compensation expenses are a fixed cost. B)Â  Does not provide incentive for the sales representatives. C)Â  Attracts a poor caliber of sales representatives. D)Â  Makes it difficult to supervise and direct the activities of salespeople. E)Â  Discourages the sales representative from working long hours. Correct Answer(s):| D| 31. In addition to their large buying size, strategic accounts are likely to be differentiated from smaller accounts by their: A)Â  Complex buying process. B)Â  Desire to concentrate on domestic markets, to the exclusion of foreign markets. C)Â  Preference for using a line organizational structure. D)Â  Desire to avoid dealing with a selling team – preferring instead to deal with one sales rep. E)Â  None of these is correct. Correct Answer(s):| A| 32. A district sales manager for a cosmetics manufacturer supervised 160 salespeople who sold on a door-to-door basis. Seventeen of these district managers reported to one divisional sales manager. This situation seems to be violating the organizational principle that: A)Â  Span of control should be reasonable. B)Â  Organization should be stable, but flexible. C)Â  Organization should reflect a market orientation. D)Â  Organization should be build around activities. E)Â  Balance and coordination is needed in an organization. Correct Answer(s):| A| 33. In contrast to consumer purchasing, in organizational buying: A)Â  Fewer people are involved in making the decision. B)Â  Decisions are made more quickly. C)Â  Decisions are based upon economics more than emotions. D)Â  Decision makers are more often the user of the Product. E)Â  All of these. Correct Answer(s):| C| 34. In recent years firms have restructured their sales organizations around their best selling products. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 35. In today’s marketing environment, geographical specialization is not used very much in sales force organizations. Difficulty: Easy A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 36. Which of the following organizational structures will most likely be used by a large company selling several unrelated technically complex products? A)Â  Geographical specialization with each rep selling the full product mix. B)Â  Line organization. C)Â  Customer specialization. D)Â  Product specialization. E)Â  Any of the above is equally likely to be used. Correct Answer(s):| D| 37. Citizenship behaviors are things people do on-the-job that are above and beyond their formal job requirements. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| True| 38. When IBM reconfigured its sales force by assigning reps to different industries, it was using: A)Â  Geographic specialization. B)Â  Market specialization. C)Â  Sales force specialization. D)Â  Product specialization. E)Â  None of these. Correct Answer(s):| B| 39. Although more expensive, team selling is by far the best method of calling upon accounts and should be used for all routine selling situations. Difficulty: Medium A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 40. All of the following are typical problems that producers experience when using an independent sales force (such as, manufacturers’ reps, wholesale distributors), EXCEPT: A)Â  The producer is frustrated over the lack of control it has over the independent sales force. B)Â  The producer must compete with other firms for the selling time of the rep’s or wholesale distributor’s sales force. C)Â  The independent sales forces are not familiar with the market the producer wants to reach. D)Â  It is difficult to get these reps and agents to service an account because they get no commission for this work. E)Â  It is difficult to get an independent sales force to perform non-selling activities. Correct Answer(s):| C| 41. The amount and type of leadership received by salespeople: A)Â  Should be the same for all reps. B)Â  Should vary among reps based on their individual differences. C)Â  Should vary over time, based on the stability of the business environment. D)Â  Usually should increase as the sales force gets larger. E)Â  Both B and C are correct. Correct Answer(s):| E| 42. Which of the following behaviors is a transformational leader behavior? A)Â  Recognizing. B)Â  Rewarding. C)Â  Role modeling. D)Â  Indirect supervision. E)Â  None of these. Correct Answer(s):| C| 43. Excellent transactional leadership by the sales manager involves: A)Â  Informing. B)Â  Clarifying. C)Â  Monitoring. D)Â  Verbal feedback. E)Â  All of these. Correct Answer(s):| E| 44. Charisma is something most commonly associated with: A)Â  Transactional leadership. B)Â  Citizenship behavior. C)Â  Task orientation. D)Â  Transformational leadership. E)Â  None of these. Correct Answer(s):| D| 45. Usually salespeople working on a straight commission generally receive less leadership and supervision than those who work for a straight salary. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| True| 46. Personal characteristics associated with excellent leadership include all of the following, except: A)Â  high self-confidence B)Â  older age (50 years, plus) C)Â  high energy level. D)Â  creativity. E)Â  eagerness to take risks. Correct Answer(s):| B| 47. Transactional-oriented leaders are typically very charismatic. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 48. When a leader anticipates, analyzes, and makes decisions, the leader uses: A)Â  Problem-solving skills. B)Â  Social skills. C)Â  communication skills. D)Â  Persuasive skills. E)Â  None of these. Correct Answer(s):| A| 49. The two distinct styles of leadership are transactional and task orientation. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 50. Situational leadership involves which of the following leader behaviors? A)Â  informing basic rules. B)Â  verbal feedback. C)Â  articulating a vision. D)Â  individualized support. E)Â  All of these. Correct Answer(s):| E| 51. Team selling is not the best alternative in every situation because: A)Â  it tends to be expensive. B)Â  it does not lend itself to complex situations. C)Â  customers generally do not like it. D)Â  there is no specialization of marketing activities. E)Â  All of these 52. An organization is: A)Â  Something needed to get the job done. B)Â  Not needed if you have a small company. C)Â  Simply an arrangement – a working structure – of activities involving a group of people. D)Â  Needed before doing any strategic planning. E)Â  None of these is even close. 53. Citizenship behaviors: A)Â  Those behaviors that a salesperson performs as a member of his/her community. B)Â  Are only performed by the top executives in a sales organization. C)Â  Those behaviors that are above and beyond the formal job requirements. D)Â  Are performed by members of the Board of Directors E)Â  None of these. 54. Which of the following factors account for the growing use of e-commerce and telemarketing as a form of sales force specialization? A)Â  Many buyers prefer it over personal sales calls in certain selling situations. B)Â  Many marketers find that it increases the efficiency of their selling effort. C)Â  It is especially adaptable to major-account selling. D)Â  All of these contribute to telemarketing’s growth. E)Â  Only A and B are correct. 55. A major limitation of the functional type of sales organization is that: A)Â  Functional executives can only recommend to a field sales manager regarding assignments for the salespeople. B)Â  Managerial specialists cannot be used effectively. C)Â  It cannot be used very well if the firm sells a wide line of complex, technical products. D)Â  Some of the line sales officers or the salespeople may be getting orders from more than one person. E)Â  None of these. 56. A formal organization’s well-being often is maintained by a system known as: A)Â  The informal organization. B)Â  Management by objectives. C)Â  Team selling. D)Â  Internationalizing the sales operations. E)Â  Strategic planning. 57. A drawback to a line and staff sales organization is that: A)Â  It cannot be used by a company that sells to many different types of customers. B)Â  It is difficult to separate planning and operating activities. C)Â  Problems may arise when staff executives take on line authority, instead of acting only as advisers. D)Â  The span of control usually is too large. E)Â  It discourages the use of the division of labor. 8. If a manager wants to motivate experienced salespeople to perform at higher levels or to do certain aspects of their jobs better, the best leadership behavior or style to use is: A)Â  task-orientation. B)Â  verbal feedback. C)Â  articulate a vision. D)Â  transactional. E)Â  Both A and D. 59. Leadership is a process in which one person influences other people’s behavior toward the accomplishment of specific goals. A)Â  True B)Â  False 60. To do the best leadership, a sales manager should exhibit: A)Â  Transformational, but not transactional leader behaviors. B)Â  Transactional, but not transformational leader behaviors. C)Â  Both transformational and transactional leader behaviors. D)Â  Let the salespeople lead themselves. E)Â  None of these. 61. When sales-volume quotas are based on territorial potentials: A)Â  For psychological reasons, quotas should usually be set a little lower than the expected potential. B)Â  Territorial sales potentials are not a good base for setting volume quotas. C)Â  Sometimes quotas based on territorial potentials have to be adjusted downward because a new rep is covering that district. D)Â  Quotas should be related directly to territorial sales potential with no further changes being made. E)Â  It is a good idea to base quotas on last year’s sales alone. Correct Answer(s):| C| 62. For which of the following sales jobs will management most likely use an activity quota? A)Â  Wholesale hardware sales rep. B)Â  Life insurance sales rep. C)Â  Liquor distributor’s sales reps calling on retailers. D)Â  Wholesaler’s salespeople selling office supplies. E)Â  Missionary sales rep for a soap manufacturer calling on grocery stores. Correct Answer(s):| E| 63. Role conflict arises when: A)Â  Reps are uncertain of their authority to meet price competition. B)Â  Reps are unclear about their organizational relationship with staff executives. C)Â  Reps are unsure of how much time and energy to devote to field duties requested by a marketing research manager. D)Â  Reps are trying to serve both the company and the customer. E)Â  Reps question their power to grant credit. Correct Answer(s):| D| 64. Herzberg maintained that job satisfaction is primarily associated with hygiene needs. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| False| 65. All of the following normally are considered to be elements (building blocks) in a sales compensation plan, except: A)Â  Commission. B)Â  Bonus. C)Â  Sales contest with cash prizes. D)Â  Salary. E)Â  Insurance and pension plans. Correct Answer(s):| C| 6. It is a good idea to pretest a compensation plan and introduce it to the sales force before the plan is installed on a permanent basis. A)Â  True B)Â  False Correct Answer(s):| True| 67. Which method of compensation is most appropriate for detail or missionary salespeople? A)Â  Incentive plus commission. B)Â  Straight salary. C)Â  Straight commission. D)Â  Commission plus expense. E)Â  Expenses only, because detail and missionary salespeople are, by definition, not compensated. Correct Answer(s):| B| 68. In a sales force compensation plan, an example of indirect financial compensation is: A)Â  Salary payment. B)Â  Paid vacation. C)Â  Field supervision. D)Â  Christmas cash bonus. E)Â  Air-conditioned office. Correct Answer(s):| B| 69. Most companies want to keep their expenses directly related to sales volume. Consequently, expense account policies usually do not play a role in a firm’s strategic marketing planning. A)Â  True B)Â  False 70. A sales quota is a performance goal assigned to a marketing unit for a specific marketing unit for a specific period of time. A)Â  True B)Â  False 71. A manufacturer has 20 sales representatives using their own cars to cover territories of various sizes in the eastern half of the United States. To reimburse these people for the use of their cars, the plan most equitable to both management and the sales force is a: A)Â  Payment of actual expenses as reported by the sales representatives. B)Â  Flat rate per mile. C)Â  Fixed allowance per month. D)Â  Flexible allowance such as the Runzheimer plan. E)Â  Graduated mileage allowance; for example, 30 cents a mile for the first 12,000 miles a year and 24 cents a mile for all mileage above 12,000. 72. Which of the following sales force business expenses is likely to generate most questions from government tax auditors? A)Â  Hotel bills. B)Â  Gifts. C)Â  Postage. D)Â  Telephone. E)Â  Taxi fares. 73. Which of the following is the best definition of motivation? A)Â  Behavior that is consistent with your attitudes. B)Â  Doing things that satisfy you. C)Â  The desire to expend effort to fulfill a need. D)Â  Your reaction to role conflict and role ambiguity. E)Â  Achieving the goals you set for yourself. 74. Which of the following is a major trend today in sales force compensation? A)Â  Straight commission plans are increasing as a percentage of total plans. B)Â  Companies are designing plans which stress customer satisfaction rather than straight sales volume. C)Â  The average level of pay is decreasing. D)Â  Fringe benefits are not being used as much as in the past. E)Â  Combination plans are declining in popularity. 75. The sales compensation plan that typically provides maximum security and stability of earnings for most sales reps is: A)Â  Straight commission. B)Â  Straight salary. C)Â  Salary plus commission. D)Â  Salary plus bonus. E)Â  Commission plus fringe benefits. 76. A straight commission plan based on sales volume is payment for performing a unit of work, and the plan constitutes a direct (variable) expense for management. A)Â  True B)Â  False 77. A company is likely to use a line organization when: A)Â  Management wants to use various marketing specialists. B)Â  The market consists of quite different groups of customers. C)Â  The company is small and sells a few related products. D)Â  Management believes in a policy of decentralization. E)Â  The sales force is large. 78. Of the four basic sales organization structures, the structure which has been recently adopted by some of the U. S. ‘ biggest companies is: A)Â  Line organization. B)Â  Line and staff organization. C)Â  Functional organization. D)Â  Horizontal organization. E)Â  None of these. 79. Some firms establish a separate sales force to sell to strategic accounts. Difficulty: Easy A)Â  True B)Â  False 80. The personal characteristic of initiative implies: A)Â  The leaders must believe in themselves. B)Â  The leaders are independent, self starters. C)Â  The leaders have high energy levels. D)Â  The leaders exhibit creativity. E)Â  All of these. 81. High-performing reps that appreciate autonomy respond well to heavy doses of transactional leader behaviors. A)Â  True B)Â  False 82. The most widely used type of sales quota is one based on sales activities. B)Â  False 83. With regard to compensation, which of the following is true? A)Â  Companies change their compensation plans more frequently than they change their strategies. B)Â  Compensation plans should be reviewed frequently to make sure that they are consistent with strategies. C)Â  Most firms change their compensations plans at least once in two years. D)Â  Firms should only change their compensation program when the salespeople are dissatisfied. E)Â  All of these are true 84. Which of the following roles ordinarily is not a part of a buying center? A)Â  User. B)Â  Director. C)Â  Influencer. D)Â  Decider. E)Â  Gatekeeper. 85. A drawback to organizing the sales force in a geographical specialization is that: A)Â  customers may get called on by multiple reps from the same selling firm. B)Â  it results in more travel time for each sales rep. C)Â  it leads to uneven coverage of the market. D)Â  there is usually no specialization of marketing activities. E)Â  All of these are drawbacks. 86. A trend in sales force re-structuring is to: A)Â  move toward flatter organizations. B)Â  structure around people, not activities. C)Â  make the organization as inflexible as possible. D)Â  move decision-making authority to the managers (i. e. , away from subordinates). E)Â  All of these. How to cite Exam 2 Study Guide, Papers Exam 2 Study guide Free Essays

Conflict Resolution Solving a Workplace Dispute free essay sample

A hypothetical workplace dispute is presented and several options for resolving it are discussed. This paper details a scenario of a fictitious work dispute between an employee and supervisor and subsequently the entire staff, after the employee was not promoted as agreed. The paper then presents four options for solving the dispute authoritative command, problem solving, compromise and expansion of resources. The dispute occurring began between an employee and a supervisor. The employee had worked for the company for three years, working towards a position as a supervisor. This was noted in their performance review and was also incorporated into their work plan. The employee both worked and completed studies in business to assist them in gaining the expected promotion. After three years, the promotion became available. The employee was told by the department manager that they would not be getting the promotion but that somebody else would be hired from outside of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Resolution: Solving a Workplace Dispute or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The position was advertised and a new person recruited. The employee inquired as to why they would not be considered for the position but was given no direct answer. The employee initiated discussion with their boss to find out the reasons for their non-promotion, but was given no specific reasons.